Acute kidney injury is characterised by a sudden increase in serum creatinine, decrease in urine production, or both. It is normal, preventable and occurs approximately 15% of patients admitted to hospital. Acute kidney injury is not a specific disorder, but rather consisting of a loose set of complications like sepsis, cardiovascular causes, nephrotoxicity, urinary tract obstruction. Its prevalence in intensive care units has been recorded in more than half of patients with severe mortality as post-operative complications that could lead to additional complications or even death.

The implementation and development of biomarkers would help scientists detect and diagnose acute kidney injury. The first functional biomarkers synthetically produced urea and creatinine. Kidney disorders are tested by testing the blood protein creatinine, which is not optimal since it has a delayed result-it does not restore early damage and kidney damage. The risk of kidney damage was exceptionally high (more than six times greater) for adults and children with the highest IL-18 urine levels.

Plasma NGAL also predicted kidney damage in adults, although, after findings were corrected for other causes, urinary NGAL was not a reliable indicator in adults. Urine IL-18 and urine, but not plasma, NGAL were accurate predictors in children. The research's main limitation was that the adults enrolled were mainly Caucasian. AKI complications were minimised relative to normal treatment, conditions were more widely developed, and potentially deleterious drugs were withdrawn. Future studies should consider whether the results are the same in other races.

Journal of Clinical & Experimental Nephrology focuses on the dissemination of the latest  advancements on the current knowledge on all the aspects of Nephrology such as Peritoneal Dialysis, Kidney Diseases, Acute Renal Replacement Therapy, Chronic Kidney Disease, End-Stage Renal Diseases, Lupus Nephritis and Renal Transplantation.

Regards,

Calvin Parker
Journal of Clinical & Experimental Nephrology
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